Public archives preserve records produced or collected by governments and other institutions. Availability varies: a collection may be described online but require an in-person visit, or it may be restricted because of privacy, condition, or processing status.
Start with the record creator
In the United States, the National Archives research guide explains how to identify a federal record group and plan a visit. Its catalog is a finding tool, not a guarantee that every item has a digital image. For maps, photographs, newspapers, and manuscripts, search the Library of Congress collections. Federal land patents and survey records can be searched through the BLM General Land Office records.
Local records often belong elsewhere. A county clerk may hold deeds; a state archive may hold agency files; a historical society may preserve private letters. Begin with the office or person that created the record, then trace where it was transferred.
Before visiting
Record the collection title, call number, date range, and item description. Ask whether an appointment, researcher card, or reproduction fee is required. The National Archives visit guidance explains why preparing a precise request saves time.
This directory is U.S.-focused. For another country, identify its national archive and the relevant regional or local record office, then verify that repository's current access rules.
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