Digital Currency

Commentary The main central banks have been discussing the idea of implementing a digital currency. The rationale behind it escapes many citizens. Most transactions in the main global currencies are conducted digitally, and one could say that the largest and most-traded currencies—the U.S. dollar, euro, yen, British pound, Swiss franc, and the yuan—are already functioning as mostly digital money. So, what are central banks saying when they talk about a new and different digital currency? It’s basically another step in the effort to gradually get rid of physical currencies, with an idea of strengthening control of the payments and making it simpler to trace the use of a particular means of payment. It’s also aimed at competing with the global cryptocurrencies. Most will state that the reasons behind the idea of a central bank digital currency are efficiency and improving the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Let’s go point by point. When central banks say they want to improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, many of their messages are based on a wrong diagnosis: that there’s an excess of savings that needs to be restrained. Central banks implement negative rates to try to push savers to take more risk, spend, and invest more, as if the reason why they don’t spend or invest as much as central banks would want is the interest rate and not the challenges that households and businesses face in an uncertain economic environment. Citizens don’t save because they’re stupid or ignorant, but the opposite, because they understand that the economic environment is difficult and the attractive opportunities to invest are few. This doesn’t mean that businesses and citizens aren’t spending and investing, they are, a lot. But central banks and governments place a completely misguided and incorrect blame on savings. A solid economy is based on saving and prudent investment, not on debt and malinvestment. Therefore, it’s wrong to continuously lower rates and attack savings. The economy doesn’t improve by making it more fragile and indebted, rather the opposite. The other point is so-called efficiency. Central banks basically seem to want spending and control of monetary transactions at any cost. Issuing a central bank digital currency isn’t more efficient. It’s another means of financial repression. If negative rates don’t work as a way of forcing economic agents to spend even more, they seem to think, then negative rates and dissolving the currency via an even higher increase in the supply of money with a digital currency should do. The problem is that it doesn’t work either. A central bank digital currency will increase the perception of risk and won’t make economic agents spend or invest more, because the problems of debt, overcapacity, and malinvestment won’t be limited with a digital currency, they’ll be exacerbated. Central banks can’t force economic agents to spend and invest, and even less so if their policies are consistently aimed at incentivizing debt and perpetuate imbalances. The support of a currency isn’t strengthened via constant artificial increases in money supply and legal or financial repression. Central banks won’t make their digital currencies a success if citizens fear—as they do—that the policymakers will constantly strive to dilute the purchasing power of the currency, which means less purchasing power of economic agents’ salaries and savings. The process of any asset becoming a widely used currency is the most democratic there is. It can’t be decided by governments and can’t be imposed. If governments and central banks push financial repression and devaluation of their currency, citizens will move to other means of payment that become real money. Cryptocurrencies haven’t developed because of people’s idiocy or ill-means, but because of the lack of trust in fiat currencies and the constant desire of central banks and governments to destroy the currency to disguise structural problems. That’s why a central bank digital currency is an oxymoron, a contradiction in terms. The reason why citizens demanded cryptocurrencies is precisely because they weren’t controlled by central banks that constantly aim to increase money supply and generate depreciation of money, inflation. Central banks should defend the purchasing power of savings and salaries, not aim to erode them. If they decide to use new tools to dilute wealth, confidence in the domestic currency will evaporate. The fact that it hasn’t happened yet doesn’t mean that it’s not going to occur sooner rather than later. When central banks finally realize that they’ve gone too far in their policy, it’ll be too late. Daniel Lacalle, Ph.D., is chief economist at hedge fund Tressis and author of “Freedom or Equality,” “Escape from the Central Bank Trap,” and “Life in the Financial Markets.” Views expressed in this article are the opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.